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Replacement A9 boards for the HP 5065A

MS
Mark Sims
Sun, Feb 25, 2018 2:35 AM

For a while, all makers of polycarbonate caps got out of the business.  The US government had to step in and get involved... apparently they are used in a lot of explody thingies, etc.

Mouser shows one (around $7 for a 4.7 uF cap):
https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Vishay-BC-Components/BFC234421475?qs=XPb5zkzE6%252bBS9mv3hRFZcw%3d%3d

But, the datasheet link goes to a resistor...

For a while, all makers of polycarbonate caps got out of the business. The US government had to step in and get involved... apparently they are used in a lot of explody thingies, etc. Mouser shows one (around $7 for a 4.7 uF cap): https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Vishay-BC-Components/BFC234421475?qs=XPb5zkzE6%252bBS9mv3hRFZcw%3d%3d But, the datasheet link goes to a resistor...
CS
Charles Steinmetz
Sun, Feb 25, 2018 11:35 AM

Interesting.  I'm inclined to say I stand corrected, BUT:  (i) as Mark
noted, the datasheet link points to the datasheet for Vishay FC Series
HF thin-film resistors [which are really excellent low-reactance T/F
resistors, if you need any]; (ii) I cannot find any reference to PC caps
on the Vishay/BC web site; and (iii) other distributors do not list this
cap (or any Vishay/BC PC caps, for that matter).

I did discover Electronic Concepts (ECI) (https://www.ecicaps.com/), who
claim to make their own PC film and do seem to supply three series of PC
caps.  They seem mainly to make them to order, but they have small
quantities of some parts in stock.  Prices are by quotation, so I don't
know what they charge.  I assume they are pretty pricey, and if they run
out of an in-stock cap there may be a minimum order to get more.

So, I do stand corrected.

All that said, PP and PPS are the best choices for the A9 integrator
project.

Best regards,

Charles

On 2/24/2018 9:35 PM, Mark Sims wrote:

For a while, all makers of polycarbonate caps got out of the business.  The US government had to step in and get involved... apparently they are used in a lot of explody thingies, etc.

Mouser shows one (around $7 for a 4.7 uF cap):
https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Vishay-BC-Components/BFC234421475?qs=XPb5zkzE6%252bBS9mv3hRFZcw%3d%3d

But, the datasheet link goes to a resistor...


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Interesting. I'm inclined to say I stand corrected, BUT: (i) as Mark noted, the datasheet link points to the datasheet for Vishay FC Series HF thin-film resistors [which are really excellent low-reactance T/F resistors, if you need any]; (ii) I cannot find any reference to PC caps on the Vishay/BC web site; and (iii) other distributors do not list this cap (or any Vishay/BC PC caps, for that matter). I did discover Electronic Concepts (ECI) (https://www.ecicaps.com/), who claim to make their own PC film and do seem to supply three series of PC caps. They seem mainly to make them to order, but they have small quantities of some parts in stock. Prices are by quotation, so I don't know what they charge. I assume they are pretty pricey, and if they run out of an in-stock cap there may be a minimum order to get more. So, I do stand corrected. All that said, PP and PPS are the best choices for the A9 integrator project. Best regards, Charles On 2/24/2018 9:35 PM, Mark Sims wrote: > For a while, all makers of polycarbonate caps got out of the business. The US government had to step in and get involved... apparently they are used in a lot of explody thingies, etc. > > Mouser shows one (around $7 for a 4.7 uF cap): > https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Vishay-BC-Components/BFC234421475?qs=XPb5zkzE6%252bBS9mv3hRFZcw%3d%3d > > But, the datasheet link goes to a resistor... > _______________________________________________ > time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@febo.com > To unsubscribe, go to https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/time-nuts > and follow the instructions there. >
AB
Azelio Boriani
Sun, Feb 25, 2018 12:46 PM

The part number BFC234421475, on http://www.wima.com.ua/BFC234421475
seems to be a Philips product, 2500 available, for 49.28 UAH
(Ukrainian Hryvnia, that is 1.77 USD). A mysterious capacitor...

On Sun, Feb 25, 2018 at 12:35 PM, Charles Steinmetz
csteinmetz@yandex.com wrote:

Interesting.  I'm inclined to say I stand corrected, BUT:  (i) as Mark
noted, the datasheet link points to the datasheet for Vishay FC Series HF
thin-film resistors [which are really excellent low-reactance T/F resistors,
if you need any]; (ii) I cannot find any reference to PC caps on the
Vishay/BC web site; and (iii) other distributors do not list this cap (or
any Vishay/BC PC caps, for that matter).

I did discover Electronic Concepts (ECI) (https://www.ecicaps.com/), who
claim to make their own PC film and do seem to supply three series of PC
caps.  They seem mainly to make them to order, but they have small
quantities of some parts in stock.  Prices are by quotation, so I don't know
what they charge.  I assume they are pretty pricey, and if they run out of
an in-stock cap there may be a minimum order to get more.

So, I do stand corrected.

All that said, PP and PPS are the best choices for the A9 integrator
project.

Best regards,

Charles

On 2/24/2018 9:35 PM, Mark Sims wrote:

For a while, all makers of polycarbonate caps got out of the business.
The US government had to step in and get involved... apparently they are
used in a lot of explody thingies, etc.

Mouser shows one (around $7 for a 4.7 uF cap):

https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Vishay-BC-Components/BFC234421475?qs=XPb5zkzE6%252bBS9mv3hRFZcw%3d%3d

But, the datasheet link goes to a resistor...


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The part number BFC234421475, on <http://www.wima.com.ua/BFC234421475> seems to be a Philips product, 2500 available, for 49.28 UAH (Ukrainian Hryvnia, that is 1.77 USD). A mysterious capacitor... On Sun, Feb 25, 2018 at 12:35 PM, Charles Steinmetz <csteinmetz@yandex.com> wrote: > Interesting. I'm inclined to say I stand corrected, BUT: (i) as Mark > noted, the datasheet link points to the datasheet for Vishay FC Series HF > thin-film resistors [which are really excellent low-reactance T/F resistors, > if you need any]; (ii) I cannot find any reference to PC caps on the > Vishay/BC web site; and (iii) other distributors do not list this cap (or > any Vishay/BC PC caps, for that matter). > > I did discover Electronic Concepts (ECI) (https://www.ecicaps.com/), who > claim to make their own PC film and do seem to supply three series of PC > caps. They seem mainly to make them to order, but they have small > quantities of some parts in stock. Prices are by quotation, so I don't know > what they charge. I assume they are pretty pricey, and if they run out of > an in-stock cap there may be a minimum order to get more. > > So, I do stand corrected. > > All that said, PP and PPS are the best choices for the A9 integrator > project. > > Best regards, > > Charles > > > > On 2/24/2018 9:35 PM, Mark Sims wrote: >> >> For a while, all makers of polycarbonate caps got out of the business. >> The US government had to step in and get involved... apparently they are >> used in a lot of explody thingies, etc. >> >> Mouser shows one (around $7 for a 4.7 uF cap): >> >> https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Vishay-BC-Components/BFC234421475?qs=XPb5zkzE6%252bBS9mv3hRFZcw%3d%3d >> >> But, the datasheet link goes to a resistor... >> _______________________________________________ >> time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@febo.com >> To unsubscribe, go to >> https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/time-nuts >> and follow the instructions there. >> > > _______________________________________________ > time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@febo.com > To unsubscribe, go to > https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/time-nuts > and follow the instructions there.
GH
Gerhard Hoffmann
Sun, Feb 25, 2018 7:50 PM

Am 25.02.2018 um 13:46 schrieb Azelio Boriani:

The part number BFC234421475, on http://www.wima.com.ua/BFC234421475
seems to be a Philips product, 2500 available, for 49.28 UAH
(Ukrainian Hryvnia, that is 1.77 USD). A mysterious capacitor...

Why not go to Mouser or DK, as usual?

Or to the source itself:
https://www.wima.de/en/  >

(Abt. an hour of driving from where I'm now).

BTW last time I bought some at DK/Mouser, there was
a pricing artefact, in that 5% was cheaper than 10%

:-)  Gerhard

Am 25.02.2018 um 13:46 schrieb Azelio Boriani: > The part number BFC234421475, on <http://www.wima.com.ua/BFC234421475> > seems to be a Philips product, 2500 available, for 49.28 UAH > (Ukrainian Hryvnia, that is 1.77 USD). A mysterious capacitor... Why not go to Mouser or DK, as usual? Or to the source itself: <  https://www.wima.de/en/  > (Abt. an hour of driving from where I'm now). BTW last time I bought some at DK/Mouser, there was a pricing artefact, in that 5% was cheaper than 10% :-)  Gerhard
PS
paul swed
Mon, Feb 26, 2018 9:23 PM

Well all this capacitor talk has me actually looking for the 5 uf cap.
When I picked up the 5065a it didn't work. This was in the late 90s and no
manual was available at that time.
I reverse engineered the system and guess what cap was bad? The integrator.
So not being all that smart, I hooked 2 X 10 UF caps in series. Been
working like a champ for 18 years.
Not obvious of what the downside of this approach was at all.
But I went out to mouser and have to say the selection of large capacitors
really is thin for PPS and PS. I did see the one picture of a yellow cap I
think from Germany.
The question really is what is the source and part number for a good cap.
does appear that the wima caps are carried by Mouser but may have long lead
times.
Regards
Paul
WB8TSL

On Sun, Feb 25, 2018 at 2:50 PM, Gerhard Hoffmann dk4xp@arcor.de wrote:

Am 25.02.2018 um 13:46 schrieb Azelio Boriani:

The part number BFC234421475, on http://www.wima.com.ua/BFC234421475
seems to be a Philips product, 2500 available, for 49.28 UAH
(Ukrainian Hryvnia, that is 1.77 USD). A mysterious capacitor...

Why not go to Mouser or DK, as usual?

Or to the source itself:
https://www.wima.de/en/  >

(Abt. an hour of driving from where I'm now).

BTW last time I bought some at DK/Mouser, there was
a pricing artefact, in that 5% was cheaper than 10%

:-)  Gerhard


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ailman/listinfo/time-nuts
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Well all this capacitor talk has me actually looking for the 5 uf cap. When I picked up the 5065a it didn't work. This was in the late 90s and no manual was available at that time. I reverse engineered the system and guess what cap was bad? The integrator. So not being all that smart, I hooked 2 X 10 UF caps in series. Been working like a champ for 18 years. Not obvious of what the downside of this approach was at all. But I went out to mouser and have to say the selection of large capacitors really is thin for PPS and PS. I did see the one picture of a yellow cap I think from Germany. The question really is what is the source and part number for a good cap. does appear that the wima caps are carried by Mouser but may have long lead times. Regards Paul WB8TSL On Sun, Feb 25, 2018 at 2:50 PM, Gerhard Hoffmann <dk4xp@arcor.de> wrote: > > > Am 25.02.2018 um 13:46 schrieb Azelio Boriani: > >> The part number BFC234421475, on <http://www.wima.com.ua/BFC234421475> >> seems to be a Philips product, 2500 available, for 49.28 UAH >> (Ukrainian Hryvnia, that is 1.77 USD). A mysterious capacitor... >> > Why not go to Mouser or DK, as usual? > > Or to the source itself: > < https://www.wima.de/en/ > > > (Abt. an hour of driving from where I'm now). > > BTW last time I bought some at DK/Mouser, there was > a pricing artefact, in that 5% was cheaper than 10% > > :-) Gerhard > > > > _______________________________________________ > time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@febo.com > To unsubscribe, go to https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/m > ailman/listinfo/time-nuts > and follow the instructions there. >
PK
Poul-Henning Kamp
Mon, Feb 26, 2018 10:05 PM

I reverse engineered the system and guess what cap was bad? The integrator.
So not being all that smart, I hooked 2 X 10 UF caps in series. Been
working like a champ for 18 years.

That capacitor isn't nearly as important as people think.

The input signal to the integrator is continuous and jump-free and
the relevant timeconstant is sub-second.  Dielectric absorption
doesn't matter when there are no voltage jumps.

We all tune the EFC of the Xtal to set the meter to zero CONTROL
voltage, which means there is no voltage for the capacitor to leak,
so that doesn't matter either,

If you pick a capacitor with a couple of hundred volts rating, its
leakage current will be less than the air and the PCB near it anyway.

When I experimented, I could hardly find any property that mattered
for that capacitor, not even the exact capacitance, because the
adjustment procedue handles that.

The only thing I could provok, was that almost all capacitors I
tried were sensitive to touch.

I didn't establish if this was mechanical (and if so if it was the
capacitor or something else on the board) or if it was thermal
(capacitors have astounding tempcos).

HP tied two O-rings around the capacitor they choose, I pressume
that is a clue that they found something similar.

The biggest issue is probably that most of the relevant capacitors
are square blocks, like for instance TDK/KEMET B32774D8505K.

TDK/KEMET C4GAJUD4500AA3J could be an option, but I suspect it
is too big to fit in the existing PCB.

Either way, cheap and plenty available.

--
Poul-Henning Kamp      | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20
phk@FreeBSD.ORG        | TCP/IP since RFC 956
FreeBSD committer      | BSD since 4.3-tahoe
Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.

-------- In message <CAD2JfAjxVwO3coVTivD-Yp=XZqd78WKBDwKD0KA9fc8dq6GeOQ@mail.gmail.com>, paul swed writes: >I reverse engineered the system and guess what cap was bad? The integrator. >So not being all that smart, I hooked 2 X 10 UF caps in series. Been >working like a champ for 18 years. That capacitor isn't nearly as important as people think. The input signal to the integrator is continuous and jump-free and the relevant timeconstant is sub-second. Dielectric absorption doesn't matter when there are no voltage jumps. We all tune the EFC of the Xtal to set the meter to zero CONTROL voltage, which means there is no voltage for the capacitor to leak, so that doesn't matter either, If you pick a capacitor with a couple of hundred volts rating, its leakage current will be less than the air and the PCB near it anyway. When I experimented, I could hardly find *any* property that mattered for that capacitor, not even the exact capacitance, because the adjustment procedue handles that. The only thing I could provok, was that almost all capacitors I tried were sensitive to touch. I didn't establish if this was mechanical (and if so if it was the capacitor or something else on the board) or if it was thermal (capacitors have astounding tempcos). HP tied two O-rings around the capacitor they choose, I pressume that is a clue that they found something similar. The biggest issue is probably that most of the relevant capacitors are square blocks, like for instance TDK/KEMET B32774D8505K. TDK/KEMET C4GAJUD4500AA3J could be an option, but I suspect it is too big to fit in the existing PCB. Either way, cheap and plenty available. -- Poul-Henning Kamp | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20 phk@FreeBSD.ORG | TCP/IP since RFC 956 FreeBSD committer | BSD since 4.3-tahoe Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.
WH
Wayne Holder
Mon, Feb 26, 2018 10:36 PM

The only thing I could provok, was that almost all capacitors I
tried were sensitive to touch.

Most ceramic caps are sensitive to "micro phonics" via the piezoelectric
effect, which can translate mechanical stress into electrical noise.

https://e2e.ti.com/blogs_/archives/b/precisionhub/archive/2014/12/19/stress-induced-outbursts-microphonics-in-ceramic-capacitors-part-1

Wayne

On Mon, Feb 26, 2018 at 2:05 PM, Poul-Henning Kamp phk@phk.freebsd.dk
wrote:


In message <CAD2JfAjxVwO3coVTivD-Yp=XZqd78WKBDwKD0KA9fc8dq6GeOQ@mail.
gmail.com>, paul swed writes:

I reverse engineered the system and guess what cap was bad? The

integrator.

So not being all that smart, I hooked 2 X 10 UF caps in series. Been
working like a champ for 18 years.

That capacitor isn't nearly as important as people think.

The input signal to the integrator is continuous and jump-free and
the relevant timeconstant is sub-second.  Dielectric absorption
doesn't matter when there are no voltage jumps.

We all tune the EFC of the Xtal to set the meter to zero CONTROL
voltage, which means there is no voltage for the capacitor to leak,
so that doesn't matter either,

If you pick a capacitor with a couple of hundred volts rating, its
leakage current will be less than the air and the PCB near it anyway.

When I experimented, I could hardly find any property that mattered
for that capacitor, not even the exact capacitance, because the
adjustment procedue handles that.

The only thing I could provok, was that almost all capacitors I
tried were sensitive to touch.

I didn't establish if this was mechanical (and if so if it was the
capacitor or something else on the board) or if it was thermal
(capacitors have astounding tempcos).

HP tied two O-rings around the capacitor they choose, I pressume
that is a clue that they found something similar.

The biggest issue is probably that most of the relevant capacitors
are square blocks, like for instance TDK/KEMET B32774D8505K.

TDK/KEMET C4GAJUD4500AA3J could be an option, but I suspect it
is too big to fit in the existing PCB.

Either way, cheap and plenty available.

--
Poul-Henning Kamp      | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20
phk@FreeBSD.ORG        | TCP/IP since RFC 956
FreeBSD committer      | BSD since 4.3-tahoe
Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.


time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@febo.com
To unsubscribe, go to https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/
mailman/listinfo/time-nuts
and follow the instructions there.

>> The only thing I could provok, was that almost all capacitors I >> tried were sensitive to touch. Most ceramic caps are sensitive to "micro phonics" via the piezoelectric effect, which can translate mechanical stress into electrical noise. https://e2e.ti.com/blogs_/archives/b/precisionhub/archive/2014/12/19/stress-induced-outbursts-microphonics-in-ceramic-capacitors-part-1 Wayne On Mon, Feb 26, 2018 at 2:05 PM, Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@phk.freebsd.dk> wrote: > -------- > In message <CAD2JfAjxVwO3coVTivD-Yp=XZqd78WKBDwKD0KA9fc8dq6GeOQ@mail. > gmail.com>, paul swed writes: > > >I reverse engineered the system and guess what cap was bad? The > integrator. > >So not being all that smart, I hooked 2 X 10 UF caps in series. Been > >working like a champ for 18 years. > > That capacitor isn't nearly as important as people think. > > The input signal to the integrator is continuous and jump-free and > the relevant timeconstant is sub-second. Dielectric absorption > doesn't matter when there are no voltage jumps. > > We all tune the EFC of the Xtal to set the meter to zero CONTROL > voltage, which means there is no voltage for the capacitor to leak, > so that doesn't matter either, > > If you pick a capacitor with a couple of hundred volts rating, its > leakage current will be less than the air and the PCB near it anyway. > > When I experimented, I could hardly find *any* property that mattered > for that capacitor, not even the exact capacitance, because the > adjustment procedue handles that. > > The only thing I could provok, was that almost all capacitors I > tried were sensitive to touch. > > I didn't establish if this was mechanical (and if so if it was the > capacitor or something else on the board) or if it was thermal > (capacitors have astounding tempcos). > > HP tied two O-rings around the capacitor they choose, I pressume > that is a clue that they found something similar. > > The biggest issue is probably that most of the relevant capacitors > are square blocks, like for instance TDK/KEMET B32774D8505K. > > TDK/KEMET C4GAJUD4500AA3J could be an option, but I suspect it > is too big to fit in the existing PCB. > > Either way, cheap and plenty available. > > -- > Poul-Henning Kamp | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20 > phk@FreeBSD.ORG | TCP/IP since RFC 956 > FreeBSD committer | BSD since 4.3-tahoe > Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence. > _______________________________________________ > time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@febo.com > To unsubscribe, go to https://www.febo.com/cgi-bin/ > mailman/listinfo/time-nuts > and follow the instructions there. >
PK
Poul-Henning Kamp
Mon, Feb 26, 2018 11:20 PM

The only thing I could provok, was that almost all capacitors I
tried were sensitive to touch.

Most ceramic caps are sensitive to "micro phonics" via the piezoelectric
effect, which can translate mechanical stress into electrical noise.

Yes, and unlike plastics, their mechanical resonance is sharp and
at frequencies where microphonics matter a lot.

Even then, a 4.7uF SMD multilayer ceramic mounted with two "looped"
wires for stress-relief worked just fine.

--
Poul-Henning Kamp      | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20
phk@FreeBSD.ORG        | TCP/IP since RFC 956
FreeBSD committer      | BSD since 4.3-tahoe
Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.

-------- In message <CAB+jonC9HVv9826ocWmTdTEC-mr8JJ+G-Vw_teSO4BnMO0B-dg@mail.gmail.com>, Wayne Holder writes: >>> The only thing I could provok, was that almost all capacitors I >>> tried were sensitive to touch. > >Most ceramic caps are sensitive to "micro phonics" via the piezoelectric >effect, which can translate mechanical stress into electrical noise. Yes, and unlike plastics, their mechanical resonance is sharp and at frequencies where microphonics matter a lot. Even then, a 4.7uF SMD multilayer ceramic mounted with two "looped" wires for stress-relief worked just fine. -- Poul-Henning Kamp | UNIX since Zilog Zeus 3.20 phk@FreeBSD.ORG | TCP/IP since RFC 956 FreeBSD committer | BSD since 4.3-tahoe Never attribute to malice what can adequately be explained by incompetence.
BH
Bill Hawkins
Tue, Feb 27, 2018 4:21 AM

Group,

After 40 years of doing PID control for industrial processes, I'm used
to an error tolerance of 10E-3. So I couldn't understand an integrator
with a 10 K resistor and a 5 mfd capacitor.

But this is time nuts, and the tolerance is more like 10E-13.

An integrator as a controller takes any deviation from zero error
voltage and moves the output in a direction that will return the error
to zero.

In this case, 10 K is the practical lower limit to the input resistor
for the desired time constant, with 5 mfd as a practical upper limit.
Any current flowing in that resistor changes the value of zero error,
which causes the output to move when the actual error is zero. This
makes the frequency wander. The current can come from the opamp bias or
capacitor leakage when the output is not zero.

Similarly, a change in the opamp zero offset causes a false error which
makes the output move when it shouldn't.

So I withdraw my comment about aluminum electrolytics, which was made
without a timenuts perspective.

Determining maximum error currents and offsets is simply a matter of
mathematics, which is left as an exercise for the student.

Regards,
Bill Hawkins

Group, After 40 years of doing PID control for industrial processes, I'm used to an error tolerance of 10E-3. So I couldn't understand an integrator with a 10 K resistor and a 5 mfd capacitor. But this is time nuts, and the tolerance is more like 10E-13. An integrator as a controller takes any deviation from zero error voltage and moves the output in a direction that will return the error to zero. In this case, 10 K is the practical lower limit to the input resistor for the desired time constant, with 5 mfd as a practical upper limit. Any current flowing in that resistor changes the value of zero error, which causes the output to move when the actual error is zero. This makes the frequency wander. The current can come from the opamp bias or capacitor leakage when the output is not zero. Similarly, a change in the opamp zero offset causes a false error which makes the output move when it shouldn't. So I withdraw my comment about aluminum electrolytics, which was made without a timenuts perspective. Determining maximum error currents and offsets is simply a matter of mathematics, which is left as an exercise for the student. Regards, Bill Hawkins
CS
Charles Steinmetz
Sun, Mar 4, 2018 7:17 PM

Poul-Henning wrote:

The input signal to the integrator is continuous and jump-free and
the relevant time constant is sub-second.  Dielectric absorption
doesn't matter when there are no voltage jumps.

That is a very common misconception, probably fostered by the usual test
methodology for DA.  But it is not correct.

DA is a charge-migration phenomenon, so it occurs whenever the charge
on a capacitor changes.
  A step function in the charge very obviously
represents such a change (and for this reason is used for testing the
parameter in most circumstances), but so do gradual changes in the
driving charge.  These can be less obvious (than step changes),
depending on the time scale of the change relative to the time scale of
the DA process in the particular capacitor.

There are several dimensions to DA -- not just how much charge isn't
returned immediately, but what the "tail" looks like (i.e., the time
profile of charge return, generally measured as current vs. time).
Different dielectrics (and, to a certain extent, different construction
techniques) exhibit different charge-return profiles.

Long-TC integrators do tend to mask the effects of DA, because the time
scale of changes in the driving charge is closer to the time scale of
the delayed charge return caused by DA.  But that does not mean that DA
isn't important, because slow integrators are frequently used where
extremely high precision is required (such as integrators for
high-resolution DACs and EFC servos for precision oscillators), so the
tolerable amount of delayed charge return is extremely low.

As with any circuit, the A9 integrator is "good enough" when the errors
it causes are swamped by other accumulated errors.  But I'm no fan of
"just good enough" design, particularly in a case like the 6065A where
time nuts are diligently working to improve the performance of the
instrument.  Some times, "just because it's better" is a sufficient
reason to overdesign, particularly where the incremental cost is low and
especially where the projected number of units is low, both of which are
true WRT the improved A9 board.

Best regards,

Charles

Poul-Henning wrote: > The input signal to the integrator is continuous and jump-free and > the relevant time constant is sub-second. Dielectric absorption > doesn't matter when there are no voltage jumps. That is a very common misconception, probably fostered by the usual test methodology for DA. But it is not correct. DA is a charge-migration phenomenon, so it occurs *whenever the charge on a capacitor changes.* A step function in the charge very obviously represents such a change (and for this reason is used for testing the parameter in most circumstances), but so do gradual changes in the driving charge. These can be less obvious (than step changes), depending on the time scale of the change relative to the time scale of the DA process in the particular capacitor. There are several dimensions to DA -- not just how much charge isn't returned immediately, but what the "tail" looks like (i.e., the time profile of charge return, generally measured as current vs. time). Different dielectrics (and, to a certain extent, different construction techniques) exhibit different charge-return profiles. Long-TC integrators do tend to mask the effects of DA, because the time scale of changes in the driving charge is closer to the time scale of the delayed charge return caused by DA. But that does not mean that DA isn't important, because slow integrators are frequently used where extremely high precision is required (such as integrators for high-resolution DACs and EFC servos for precision oscillators), so the tolerable amount of delayed charge return is extremely low. As with any circuit, the A9 integrator is "good enough" when the errors it causes are swamped by other accumulated errors. But I'm no fan of "just good enough" design, particularly in a case like the 6065A where time nuts are diligently working to improve the performance of the instrument. Some times, "just because it's better" is a sufficient reason to overdesign, particularly where the incremental cost is low and especially where the projected number of units is low, both of which are true WRT the improved A9 board. Best regards, Charles