For anyone interested in a fundamentals class on phase noise, I'm teaching an online class with live instruction (including video recordings in case you miss a class) titled "Phase Noise Fundamentals." https://www.jitterlabs.com/support/training/phasenoiseclass Register with the coupon code TIMENUTS1704 to receive 10% off (coupon is only valid for the April class). If any questions, please call or message me at https://www.jitterlabs.com/company/contact Best regards, Gary Giust JitterLabs -------- Class syllabus follows ---------- PART 1: BASIC CONCEPTS Measures of Quality Precision. Stability. Accuracy. Crystal oscillators. Drift. Allan deviation. Time error. Time interval error (TIE). Wander. Phase Noise. Phase Noise and Jitter Digital versus RF. Phase noise versus jitter. Power-law model of phase noise. Stability metrics. Sources of phase noise. PART 2: ANALYSIS Phasor representation. Effect of changing temperature, signal power, and carrier frequency on phase noise. Leeson's equation. Amplifiers. Random versus spurious phase noise. Spur-detection algorithms. Convert from dBc/Hz to seconds RMS, and from dBc to seconds peak-peak. Compute phase jitter from phase noise. Select the right offset-frequency range for integration. Spur analysis. Determine dominant noise sources. PART 3: MEASUREMENT Spectrum analyzers. IF-filter resolution bandwidth. Phase noise analyzers. Eliminating AM. Additive, multiplicative, and residual noise. Phase-detector method. PLL with reference-source method. Cross correlation to reduce instrument noise floor. Delay-line discriminator method. Effect of power supply noise. Measuring differential signals. Balun artifacts and how to minimize them. Measurement tradeoffs and best practices. PART 4: APPLICATIONS Phase-locked Loops (PLLs) Analog PLL operation and model. Transfer functions. Effect of bandwidth on phase noise. Sources of spurious and random phase noise. Impact of frequency division, and integer-N versus fractional-N architectures, on phase noise. SERDES Reference Clocks Anatomy of a serial link. PLL jitter transfer. Receiver observed jitter transfer. Reference-clock analysis. Converting phase noise into jitter at a given BER. RF Transceivers (QAM) Role of LO phase noise in RF up/down conversion. I-Q modulation. Constellation diagrams. I-Q demodulation. Phase errors. Phase noise budgeting. Effect of phase noise on symbol error rate (SER), and error vector magnitude (EVM). Testing. Analog Data Converters (ADCs) Operation. Aperture and phase jitter. Signal-to-noise ratio. Offset-frequency range for integration. Effect of clock spurs.